Table 4 provides some statistics on characteristics of the digestate. During combustion, H2S will react with oxygen to form SO2, then sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Increases in biopower production from sustainable biomass can provide many economic and environmental benefits. Selected samples were also analyzed for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The level of ammonia concentration in the digestate of municipal WWTPs can be as high as 1,300 mg/L. Food and kitchen waste removal in Atse Fasil Campus cafeteria. I would like to thank all my colleague for sharing their knowledge. Table 14 tabulates the masses of the detected compounds in the collected samples and the corresponding concentrations (mg/dry standard cubic meter), calculated using the mass and the total sample volume (80.11 and 81.49 ft3 [2.27 and 2.31 m3] for 10/29/14 and 10/30/14, respectively). The research team also expresses gratitude toward the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) members for providing valuable technical input and suggestions for this project. These samples were also analyzed for VOCs using EPA Method TO-15. Inside the burner head, the air/gas mixing chamber outlet is placed vertically to the surface of the burner head. Publication number CEC-300-2011-001-CTF, Literature review and road map for using biogas in internal combustion engines. Utilizing the daily biogas generated for baking injera improves the overall food making process and reduces ・〉ewood consumption by 5.4%. The average percentages of VS in the TS were 84 ± 2%, 83 ± 1%, 91 ± 4%, and 90 ± 3% for PS, TWAS, FOG, and food waste, respectively. The two digesters started to receive FOG in November 2013 and food waste in February 2014. All field data of this research project were collected from the WWTP of Central Marin Sanitation Agency (CMSA), San Rafael, California. Table 8. These acids are corrosive to downstream equipment such as IC engines (Razbani et al., 2011). The system appeared to meet the design specification. PAHs in the IC engine exhausts from tests conducted by the source tester. Main components of biogas that are generated from anaerobic digestion are methane and carbon dioxide (CO2). The gross heating value is 639 BTU/ft3 (23,800 kJ/m3) and the net heating value is 575 BTU/ft3 (21,400 kJ/m3) on average. In Ethiopia, injera is the main food source which is made from a teff powder. The NOx emission limits can be as low as 9 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in some air pollution control districts (Drake, 2011; U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]/EPA/Department of Energy [DOE], 2015; Warner, 2009). East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) in Oakland, CA, was the first large-scale WWTP in the nation to convert postconsumer food scraps to energy through anaerobic codigestion. The calculation of flame length is as follows: Among the various types of digesters, in this section of the design, fixed dome torispherical, a continuous feed (displacement) digester is selected for the reason that relatively small amounts of slurry (a mixture of manure and water) are added daily. The results are summarized in Table 6 and the values between the portable biogas analyzer and the certified lab are comparable. Food waste can be readily digested under anaerobic conditions for capture of energy content, and the residuals may be beneficially reused as fertilizer or soil amendment. The appropriate amount of waste available and its type should be known before the design of the digester. If this waste is used for biogas production, it can yield up to 367m 3 of biogas per dry tonne at approximate 65% methane with energy content 6.25kWh/m The output power from flame combustion required to bake injera is 5.696 kW. The loading rates of PS, TWAS, FOG, and food waste were recorded and used to calculate the mass loading rates to the digesters. The conversion of this food waste using the anaerobic digestion system yields 43.2 m 3 biogas per day. If the stringent 2016 regulations in the jurisdiction area of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in southern California were enforced on this IC engine, the CO concentration (at 15% O2) of 157 ppmv would be less than the 250 ppmv standard; however, the NOx concentration (at 15% O2) would be higher than the 11 ppmv standard (SCAQMD, 2012). For the VOC analysis (EPA Method TO-14), two aromatics (benzene and toluene) and 10 halogenated organic compounds (1,1,1-trichloroethane [TCA], 1,2-dichloropropane, bromomethane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroethane, chloroform, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene [DCE], trichloroethylene [TCE], trichlorotrifluoroethane, and vinyl chloride) were detected (see Table 13). The two digesters at the project site are currently running in a mesophilic, single-stage, and continuous mode (Dow and Garbarino, 2013). Biopower can diversify energy supply and improve energy resiliency. Table 10 provides some statistics of the annual source test results from 2008 to 2014 and the IC engine has been in compliance. Siloxanes are often used in cosmetics, detergents, and building materials and are frequently found in household waste and wastewater. As shown in Table 5, the daily biogas flow rate was 212,800 ft3/day (6,030 m3/day). The mixture flow rate at optimum aeration is found from Equation (6) [5]. The designed system generates no smoke, and its efficiency is improved due to the addition of the insulation system and different layout used. Under this study, the integration of biogas stove/mitad with a biogas burner that utilizes biogas fuel for baking injera purpose is investigated. NG-fueled operations emitted less CH4 (692 vs. 1,065 ppmv), but higher nonmethane organic carbon (NMOC) (45 vs. 18 ppmv). Biogas yield predominantly depends on the type of feedstock used. This fermentation process could take place for 2 to 3 days depending on the temperature of the environment. Registered in England & Wales No. Comparison of anaerobic digestion of food waste and municipal wastewater sludge (source: EBMUD, 2008). A modification in burner port design could also improve the overall performance of the baking system by allowing a free discharge of fuel which still remains to be investigated in the future. Food waste has three times the methane (CH4) production potential of biosolids (376 vs. 120 m3 gas/ton) (EPA, 2014b). Concentrations of ammonia and volatile acids (VA) and alkalinity of the digestate were also determined daily. Removal of siloxanes in biogas by the conditioning systems (concentrations in ppbv). This maximum pressure is limited by the lower slurry level (LSL). With regard to air toxics in the IC engine exhausts, formaldehyde concentration was 32 ppbv. Then, using Equation (2), the digester size is 36 m3 per day [8]. With regard to air toxics, the formaldehyde concentrations were 31.7 ppbv (10/29/14) and 32.6 ppbv (10/30/14) in the IC engine exhausts.

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