[9] Later, when the Roman frontier moved outwards and the twentieth legion had moved to the west (c. AD 49), Camulodunum became a colonia named in a second-century inscription as Colonia Victricensis. London became the capital of England in 100 AD. [34], The archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler was the first to propose that the lack of early Anglo-Saxon finds in a triangle between London, Colchester and St Albans could indicate a 'sub-Roman triangle' where British rule continued after the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons. Yahoo ist Teil von Verizon Media. In 1648, during the Second English Civil War, a Royalist army led by Lord Goring entered the town. This is a bit of Jumbo in the room, for the people of Colchester. It started on 13 June. [44] The building dominates the High Street and the 192-foot (58.5-metre) Victoria Tower is widely visible. [22] Colchester is home to two of the five Roman theatres found in Britain; the example at Gosbecks (site of the Iron Age royal farmstead) is the largest in Britain, able to seat 5,000. [12] From these deposits beneath the town have been found Palaeolithic flint tools, including at least six Acheulian handaxes. London was rebuilt, being heavily-planned and financed this incarnation of the … Colchester United Ladies play in the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division. It features four allegorical figures by L J Watts representing engineering, military defence, agriculture and fishery. Colchester and the surrounding area is currently undergoing significant regeneration,[51] including controversial greenfield residential development in Mile End and Braiswick. [12] Further flint tools made by hunter gatherers living in the Colne Valley during the Mesolithic have been discovered, including a tranchet axe from Middlewick. Private schools in Colchester include St. Mary's School, and Colchester High School. [12][13] In the 1980s an archaeological inventory showed that over 800 shards of pottery from the Neolithic, Bronze Age and early Iron Age have been found within Colchester, along with many examples of worked flint. They were succeeded by professional club Colchester United, who compete in Football League Two (as at Season 2020–21) and play home games at Colchester Community Stadium. The 162-foot clock tower was presented by James Paxman; it is topped by a figure of St Helena, who is linked by legend to the town. [42] [59] In 2014 brick and marble columns from the monumental façade of the precinct of the Temple of Claudius were discovered behind the High Street, with plans to make them visible to the public. [30][31] The director of Colchester Archaeological Trust, Philip Crummy, described the hoard as being of "national importance and one of the finest ever uncovered in Britain". Replacing a Victorian town hall which had become unstable,[69] work on the present building started in 1897 to the design of John Belcher in the Edwardian Baroque style,[70] and was opened in 1902 by former prime minister, the Earl of Rosebery. [49]. Sports facilities in Colchester include the sports centre, Colchester Leisure World, Colchester Garrison Athletics Stadium (a co-operative facility used by both the army and civilian population), and a skatepark. In the legend Helena, the daughter of Cole, married the Roman senator Constantius Chlorus, who had been sent by Rome as an ambassador and was named as Cole's successor. They are commemorated on a tablet near the altar of St Peter's Church. (, Crummy, Philip (1992) Colchester Archaeological Report 6: Excavations at Culver Street, the Gilberd School, and other sites in Colchester 1971–85. [44], Colchester was also a named line of lathe machinery. [9], Camulodunum served as a provincial Roman capital of Britain, but was attacked and destroyed during Boudica's rebellion in AD 61. The identification of Colonia with Colchester is doubtful. [26] The Roman town of Camulodunum, officially known as Colonia Victricensis, reached its peak in the Second and Third centuries AD. Founded in 1937, the club entered the Football League in 1950. In the reign of "Bloody Mary" (1553–1558) Colchester became a centre of Protestant "heresy" and in consequence at least 19 local people were burned at the stake at the Castle, at first in front, later within the walls. The seat of local government is Colchester Town Hall, a late-Victorian baroque edifice by John Belcher. It is the only town in Britain to have been explicitly mentioned in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four as being the target of a nuclear attack. Published by Oxford at the Clarendon Press. [45] An area in Colchester town centre is still known as the Dutch Quarter and many buildings there date from the Tudor period. A pursuing Parliamentary army led by Thomas Fairfax and Henry Ireton surrounded the town for eleven and a half weeks, a period known as the Siege of Colchester. Nearby are Hollytrees Museum, a social history museum with children's exhibits in the former home of Charles Gray, and the town's Natural History Museum, located in the former All Saints' Church. The chronology of its revival is obscure. A notable survival is the Balkerne Gate, which is the earliest and most complete Roman gateway in the United Kingdom. [44] They were famed for the production of "Bays and Says" cloths which were woven from wool and are normally associated with Baize and Serge although surviving examples show that they were rather different from their modern equivalents. Winchester was the capital of Wessex - the West Saxons. Daten über Ihr Gerät und Ihre Internetverbindung, darunter Ihre IP-Adresse, Such- und Browsingaktivität bei Ihrer Nutzung der Websites und Apps von Verizon Media. Colchester is noted for its Victorian architecture. [9][27] It may have reached a population of 30,000 in that period. Colchester was the first Roman-founded Colonia in Britain, and Colchester lays claim to be regarded as Britain's oldest recorded town. (Sources: John Foxe, Book of Martyrs; Mark Byford, The Process of Reformation in a Tudor Town). In the Asterix comic book Asterix in Britain the Camulodunum rugby team wins a game against Durovernum (Roman name for Canterbury). The town's link with football had begun with the amateur club Colchester Town, formed in 1867 and dissolved in 1937. [9] Cologne (German Köln) also gained its name from a similar etymology (from its Roman name Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium). [19], Soon after the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43, a Roman legionary fortress was established,[20] the first in Britain. Sie können Ihre Einstellungen jederzeit ändern. Colchester, Camulodunum and Colonia Victricensis forms one of 38 sites seeking World Heritage Site status, with a shortlist to be submitted to UNESCO for consideration in 2011. Für nähere Informationen zur Nutzung Ihrer Daten lesen Sie bitte unsere Datenschutzerklärung und Cookie-Richtlinie. Comprehensive secondary schools include The Gilberd School, Colchester Academy, Philip Morant School and College, St Helena School, St Benedict's Catholic College, Thomas Lord Audley School and the Paxman Academy. The building is owned by the Victor Batte-Lay Foundation.[65]. Occasionally bombed by stray single German aircraft in 1940 and 1941, in 1942 more serious attempts to hit its industries were made by the Luftwaffe. Colchester Borough Council is the local authority. [41], Colchester developed rapidly during the later 14th century as a centre of the woollen cloth industry, and became famous in many parts of Europe for its russets (fabrics of a grey-brown colour). [9][10] The earliest forms of the name Colchester are Colenceaster and Colneceastre from the 10th century, with the modern spelling of Colchester being found in the 15th century. Archaeological excavations have shown that public buildings were abandoned, and is very doubtful whether Colchester survived as a settlement with any urban characteristics after the sixth century.[36]. Colchester is the only town that was specifically mentioned as being bombed, but the book does say that many cities were destroyed in North America, Europe, and Russia. Colchester's medieval town seal incorporated the biblical text Intravit ihc: in quoddam castellum et mulier quedam excepit illum Colchester has also been suggested as one of the potential sites of Camelot,[73] on account of having been the capital of Roman Britain and its ancient name of Camulodunum: this is not considered likely by academics, as in Arthurian times Colchester was under Saxon control. Many of Colchester's parish churches date from this period. In folk etymology the name Colchester was thought of as meaning Cole's Castle[who? The verse says: "This princess comes from Colchester, where corn and cotton grows.

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