When I worked with service dogs, we didn’t use the word “no” because in public, people don’t want to hear a service dog told “no.” We used the phrase “uh oh” and it was just as effective as “no.” Any word can be a negative marker… Training always benefits from clear communication. The signal helps the dog identify which behavior is earning him the reward. The marker becomes a clear way of communicating to the dog what is “good” or “bad” (Withholding a reward is a form of punishment, and you can have negative markers/consequences, too. Most people don’t enjoy using negative reinforcement dog training techniques. The bottom line is that NRMs, though logical, add an unnecessary level of complexity to training. If the dog offers anything else, including a sub-par version of the goal behavior, simply do nothing but reset for another repetition. However, properly using negative reinforcement is a very important step in having a well balanced, well behaved, and mentally stable dog you can take anywhere. In old school dog training, an example of negative reinforcement would be removing pressure on the throat and neck from their choke chain when they performed a proper sit or heel. The clicker or marker communicates the exact moment your dog does what you want. Keep training simple for you and for your dogs: forego NRMs and stick to basic positive reinforcement and extinction. Clicker training, or mark and reward, is a form of positive reinforcement dog training. That’s hard, and the potential for confusion is ever-present. We’ll talk about using corrections in another bulletin). Clicker training: A form of positive reinforcement training that uses a signal, most commonly a clicker, to pinpoint correct behavior.The signal is immediately followed by a desirable reward, such as a treat, a toy or an opportunity to play. You must be that leader. In training dogs, we face a challenge that’s super obvious but often overlooked: communicating across species. At a Shedd Aquarium training workshop, Ken Ramirez led us through a variety of training games to develop skills in timing, cuing, chaining, and more.After several days, he gave us a new challenge: train a human subject to perform three simple cued behaviors using both a conditioned reinforcer and an NRM. A well-implemented positive training program combines good management, to prevent the dog from having the opportunity to be reinforced for undesirable behavior, and negative punishment, in which the dog’s inappropriate behavior makes a good thing go away. Testing NRMs in humans. At a dog training seminar that I attended recently I found myself engaged in a familiar conversation, namely the effect of various types of dog training methods on the behavior of pet dogs. You can use whatever word you want as a negative marker. Simply being consistent with cues goes a long way toward alleviating problems that come from misunderstandings. In the world of animal behavior, and dog training specifically, there is an underlying assumption held by many that negative punishment is more ethical than positive punishment (i.e., applying an aversive, rather than removing a privilege, reward, or opportunity for reward). Dogs are pack animals and are always seeking out someone to lead the pack.

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