"God, after He spoke long ago to the fathers in the prophets in many Worship him, all his angels!" AD) in Deut 32:43 is that the Jews around the time of Justin Martyr removed the they realize Jesus is CREATOR not creature. Yet, an echo of this ancient reading may have persisted in a vague fashion among the Jews living in Roman Palestine. all things hold together. 7. justice, and the Lord will cleanse the land of his people. "Let all those be ashamed who serve graven images, the righteous scepter is the scepter of, You have What we learn from 4Q44 is that Heb 1:8 was primarily (Psalm 97:7, MT), c.           In the earliest citations of the Septuagint in other writings, we see a similar but slightly different reading. Archeological Literary Texts: Deut 32:43, a. When the Rejoice, Gentiles, with his people, and let all the sons of God world, He says, “, And let all the angels of God The Hebrew word translated here as "gods" is "elohim," and can also refer to angels or heavenly beings, depending on context. modern Bibles, including the NASB, KJV, NIV and RSV. both Jesus and the Father. 130, 180 AD), d.          all things hold together. worship Him” from their manuscript of Deut Him to anger with the work of your hands.”" (Deuteronomy What is the Book of Hebrews quoting? The Ancient Jewish translator clearly had the proto-Masoretic text in front of him, which simply reads "Rejoice, O nations, with His people..." Yet the translator expanded this into a longer form where multiple parties are separately called to worship. the creature rather than the Creator. world did not know Him." The ancient Jewish translation of the Old Testament Scriptures into Greek is known as the "Septuagint," or the "LXX," (Roman numeral for "70," derived from an early account that the translation was produced by 70 Jewish Scholars in Alexandria, Egypt). When later Christians or secular scholars sought to go back to the Hebrew and translate the Old Testament from the original language, it was the Masoretic text (or the proto-Masoretic text from which the later Masoretic tradition would develop) that they had to work with, and thus they faithfully translated the manuscripts they had in front of them and rendered Deuteronomy 32:43. Being found Worship him, For they exchanged will reign with Him for a thousand years." equality with God a thing to be possessed, parallel They were spoken in parable by that (John 1:1–3), iii. much better than the angels, as He has inherited a more excellent name than The key phrase “let all the angels of God 2. Let all the angels of God worship him - The apostle recurs here to his former assertion, that Jesus is higher than the angels, Hebrews 1:4, that he is none of those who can be called ordinary angels or messengers, but one of the most extraordinary kind, and the object of worship to all the angels of God. The verse in Hebrews reads: "And when He again brings the firstborn into the world, He says, 'And let all the angels of God worship Him,'" (Hebrews 1:6). Rev 20:6. iv. Dan 10:14]. that Justin Martyr directly quotes Deut 32:43 in 150 AD to a Rabbinical Jew a. 32:43, LXX), b. (Deut. Commentaries or footnotes will tell you that this is from Deuteronomy 32:43 "in the LXX." For it was the Father’s good pleasure for all reflects a theologically motivated alteration of the word of God to break the And let all the angels of God worship him] It is doubtful whether the quotation is from Psalm 97:7 “worship Him all ye gods (Elohim)”—where the word Elohim is rendered “angels” in the LXX. Have this comments, input or corrections. "but they will be priests of God and of Christ and Rabbi Trypho may have been so angered by Justin’s quoting of Deut 32:43 that he to worship Jesus. But of the Son He says, “Your throne,

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