This chart shows monthly sea ice extent anomaly (difference from the 1981 to 2010 average) for 1979 to October 2020. It has been a focus of attention in recent years, largely because of a strong decrease in the Arctic sea ice cover and modeling results that indicate that global warming could be amplified in the Arctic on account of ice-albedo feedback. For the first three weeks of October, however, growth rates were well below average, around 51,600 square kilometers (19,900 square miles) per day. A vast area of the Arctic Ocean remains ice free as November begins, far later in the season than is typical. These images use data from the AMSR-E/AMSR2 Unified Level-3 12.5 km product. Polar ice caps are made of different materials on different planets. The different shades of gray over land indicate the land elevation with the lightest gray being the highest elevation. Figure 2a. If all of the ice in Antarctica melts, it will raise the sea levels all over world at about 61 meters or 200 feet. See About the Cryosphere. A polar ice cap is body of ice in a high latitude region of a plant. Sea Ice Index data. Sea Ice Index data.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterHigh-resolution image, Figure 2b. When scientists talk about the cryosphere, they mean the places on Earth where water is in its solid form, frozen into ice or snow. October 2020 is the largest departure from average conditions seen in any month thus far in the satellite record, falling 3.69 standard deviations below the 1981 to 2010 mean. Learn about update delays and other problems which occasionally occur in near-real-time data. From October 13 into early November, the daily sea ice extent was the lowest for that day in the satellite record. The extents in km2 for the current and for the years of minimum and maximum extents are provided below the image. The vertical line represents the last data point plotted. Seasonal cycle of Northern Hemisphere sea ice extents (a) and areas (b), given as daily averages, for the years 2010 through 2020. Figure 3. Temperatures in Central Canada were 1 to 4 degrees Celsius (2 to 7 degrees Fahrenheit) below average (Figure 2b). This plot shows Arctic sea ice extent anomalies for those five years from June to December compared with the 1981 to 1990 average, 1991 to 2000 average, and the 2001 to 2010 average.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center High-resolution image, Figure 4c. About the dataCredit: National Snow and Ice Data CenterHigh-resolution image. A collaborative network of scientists and stakeholders to advance research on sea ice prediction and communicate sea ice knowledge and tools. The polar ice caps on earth are located at the North Pole and the South Pole. Antarctic sea ice extent reached its seasonal sea ice extent maximum of 18.95 million square kilometers (7.32 million square miles) on September 28, 2020. Sea ice extent is the integral sum of the areas of all grid cells with at least 15% ice concentration, while sea ice area is the integral sum of the product of ice concentration and area of all grid cells with at least 15% ice concentration. General public and data users: Exchange for Local Observations and Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA), NASA Distributed Active Archive Center at NSIDC (NSIDC DAAC), All About Arctic Climatology & Meteorology, Sea Ice Index (Passive microwave satellite data), MASIE (Daily sea ice extent, multi-source). This delays sea ice formation because before ice can form, the ocean must lose this heat to the atmosphere and then to space. This plot shows average sea level pressure in the Arctic in millibars (hPa) for October 2020. The NASA award NNX16AJ92G funds the ASINA project. Figure 2: Color-coded map of the daily sea ice concentration in the Northern Hemisphere for the indicated recent date along with the contours of the 15% edge during the years with the least extent of ice (in red) and the greatest extent of ice (in yellow) during the period from November 1978 to the present. Figure 8: Color-coded animation displaying the last 2 weeks of the daily sea ice concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere. Read about the data. With longer periods of open water during spring and summer, more solar energy is absorbed within the upper few tens of meters of the ocean. Figure 1: 10-year averages between 1979 and 2018 and yearly averages for 2007, 2012, and 2020 of the daily (a) ice extent and (b) ice area in the Northern Hemisphere and a listing of the extent and area of the current, historical mean, minimum, and maximum values in km2. On October 24, a record difference was set in daily ice extent relative to the 1981 to 2010 average. In contrast, in the Antarctic the sea ice coverage has been increasing although at a lesser rate than the decreases in the Arctic. Transits through the NSR are shown in red, departing or arriving at the Arctic coastal ports in blue and green, and port-to-port within the Arctic is shown in yellow. The different shades of gray over land indicate the land elevation with the lightest gray being the highest elevation. The extents in km2 for the current and for the years of minimum and maximum extents are provided below the image. Antarctic sea ice extent reached its seasonal maximum of 18.95 million square kilometers (7.32 million square miles) on September 28, as was tentatively reported in the October post. The years 2019 and 2020 saw significantly increased shipping activity compared with 2018. Figure 6: Color-coded map of the daily sea ice concentration in the Southern Hemisphere for the indicated recent date along with the contours of the 15% edge during the years with the least extent of ice (in red) and the greatest extent of ice (in yellow) during the period from November 1978 to the present. Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis (ASINA) is produced by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), which is part of the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) at the University of Colorado Boulder. It holds approximately 90 percent of the world’s ice content. In the past two decades, high autumn temperatures over the open water here have strongly contributed to Arctic Amplification—the larger rise in air temperatures over the Arctic compared to the rest of the globe. Following the pattern of recent years, growth became very rapid late in the month, averaging around 134,000 square kilometers (51,700 square miles) per day. On earth the polar ice caps are made up mostly of water ice, but on other planets they can include other compounds as well. Figure 3. Monthly October ice extent for 1979 to 2020 shows a decline of 10.1 percent per decade.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center High-resolution image. The increase in August activity between 2018, 2019, and 2020 is shown in the bar chart at upper left. On Mars, polar ice caps are a combination of water ice and solid carbon dioxide. This figure shows a profile of temperature (in color) for the lower half of the atmosphere (500 to 1,000 millibars, or about 18,000 feet to the surface) versus latitude, averaged along a swath of longitudes from 140 to 170 degrees E. With longer periods of open water during spring and summer, more solar energy is absorbed within the upper part of the ocean. The different shades of gray over land indicate the land elevation with the lightest gray being the highest elevation. This excess heat transferred to the atmosphere can be seen in a vertical profile of temperature by latitude along longitude 140 to 170 degrees E, which cuts though the open water area along the Eurasian coast (Figure 4a). The largest polar ice cap on Earth is in Antarctica at the South Pole. Deep blue colors depict low autumn sea ice extent over the past 15 years.Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center High-resolution image. This is comparable to twice the size of the state of Alaska. The graph above shows Arctic sea ice extent as of November 3, 2020, along with daily ice extent data for four previous years and the 2012 record low year. Figure 4a. The vertical line represents the last data point plotted. This excess heat transferred to the atmosphere can be seen as the warm (red) layer over the open water region. On Thin Ice:Expedition to a Crumbling Ice Shelf. Notably, the disappearing polar ice caps will accelerate global warming, cause widespread coastal flooding, and contribute to rising sea levels. This has the effect of delaying sea ice formation—before ice can form, the ocean must lose this heat to the atmosphere and then to space (Figure 4a). This results from the high reflectivity (albedo) of the sea ice compared to ice-free waters. Summertime blues: The Arctic ice cap hits a record low The view of earth from space can still tingle, its vulnerable beauty cast against the vast blackness beyond. Credit: Center for High North Logistics Information Office at Nord University High-resolution image. This figure shows the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sea ice concentration for Antarctic sea ice on October 31, 2020. Your burning questions about snow and ice. Air temperatures at the 925 hPa level (about 2,500 feet above the surface) were 4 to 5 degrees Celsius (7 to 9 degrees Fahrenheit) above average for the month across much of the Central and Western Arctic Ocean and the Siberian Arctic coast, as well as over Northern Greenland. This was 3.07 million square kilometers (1.19 million square miles) below the 1981 to 2010 October average and 450,000 square kilometers (173,700 square miles) below the record low mark for October set in 2019.

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