Development of a virulent strains and antibiotic-producing strains of microbes are commonly used methods for crop protection. For separation of such very large DNA molecules (sometimes representing whole chromosomes), a new technique is used which is known as Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). These colonies on the master plate are replica-plated onto a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane by placing it gently over the master plate. These are the enzymes that produce internal cuts (cleavage) in the strands of DNA, only within or near some specific sites called recognition sites/recognition sequences/ restriction sites 01 target sites. They show cleavage only at specific sites and therefore they produce the DNA fragments of a defined length. 7. 4. Molecular farming has emerged as a promising industry having its base in plant biotechnology. of the nitrogen bases can be arranged in an infinite ways, and their structure is known as . Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. What is the reserve food material in red algae? Genetic engineering allows the production of hybridoma which is a cell obtained by the fusion of a lymphocyte cell capable of producing antibodies and a single myeloma cell (tumour cell). Such methods involve the tagging of fluorescent dyes to ddNTPs, slab gel sequencing systems, capillary gel sequencing systems and PCR-based DNA sequencing techniques. Most widely used host for rec DNA technology is the bacterium E. coli. has partially degraded DNA the technique of PCR can be applied for amplification of DNA from sample. Tools for Recombinant DNA Technology 3. Another commercially important use of transgenic animals is the production of certain proteins and pharmaceutical compounds. This quiz is designed to assess your understanding about the "Steps in recombinant DNA technology. PvuII, Haelll, Alul are the examples of restriction endonucleases producing blunt ends. Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology refers to the process of joining DNA molecules from two different sources and inserting them into a host organism, to generate products for human use. A gene library contains several copies of many of the desired genes or DNA fragments. Genetic engineering is capable of introducing the improved post-harvest characteristics in plants also. recDNA technology helps in increasing the production of antibiotics by improving the microbial strains through modification of genetic characteristics. Recombinant DNA technology is used in a wide range of applications from vaccine production to the production of genetically engineered crops. These differently sized DNA segments are then passed through Agarose Gel Electrophoresis for their separation based on their lengths. Gel electrophoresis employs a buffer system, a medium which is a gel and a source of direct current (Fig. From the above discussion it is clear that the field of biotechnology especially the genetic engineering is a double edged sword. Techniques Used In Recombinant DNA Technology 4. Vaccines are the chemical preparations containing a pathogen in attenuated (or weakened) or inactive state that may be given to human beings or animals to confer immunity to infection. Such cuts are termed as staggered cuts and this results into the generation of protruding ends i.e., one strand of the double helix extends a few bases beyond the other strand. Exonuclease is an enzyme that removes nucleotides from the ends of a nucleic acid molecule. Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. Potential biomolecules which can be produced through molecular farming include the medical products like pharmaceuticals (drugs), vaccines, diagnostic products, industrial chemicals, biodegradable plastics, biologies, etc. Basic principle of this technique lies in the in-situ hybridization of transformed bacterial cells with a radioactive probe sequence. Monosanto Co. is intended for making animal feed and not tor human use. But, as the plants offer numerous advantages over animals and animal cultures therefore, the molecular farming involving plants (i.e., plant molecular farming) is the most talked about and practically useful technique. In this method, the enzyme employed is RNA directed DNA polymerase. The method of rec DNA technology aids the animal breeders to increase the speed and range of selective breeding in case of animals.

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