It was concluded that for obtaining higher germination in rice varieties, 35 °C proved to be most suitable temperature, while germination and almost all other studied traits were adversely affected with increasing temperature. dual culture test for their antagonistic effect against the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Notably, Trichoderma marked significant higher germination and plant growth, less disease infection, and enhancement of yield and quality through seed invigoration of rice [18. Plant material, genotyping and phenotyping for marker validation: The populations were generated by effecting crosses between BPT5204 as female parent and Dodiga and A67 as male parents. Table 2: Goodness of fit to 1:2:1 marker segregation in F2 population of the cross BPT5204/ A67, Table 3: Goodness of fit to 1:2:1 marker segregation in F2 population of the cross BPT5204/ Dodiga. Arka vikas and data were recorded 30 days after inoculation. provide a wide array of remunerative roles to their host plant, viz., betterment of Vigour Index (VI) = Rate of germination (%) x Seedling dry weight (mg/seedling) seedling-vigor is important for crop establishment. Seeds of 24 West African rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were evaluated for seed vigour traits in the laboratory and field in two cropping seasons at the Research Farm of Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Activity of POD tended towards descenting after ascenting. Therefore, identification of many and common QTLs across genetic background, followed by validation of associated markers to identify active genomic regions controlling early vigour is important for marker-assisted selection to be successful. The marker RM253 is associated with shoot length in BPT5204/ A67 population. Therefore, detecting seedling vigour associated markers in a reference population and validating them in a new population would be a better approach. The plural selection efficiency can be increased by selecting markers closely associated with these traits. : Comparison of length of shoot, length of root, strains enhance rice seedling growth compared to untreated control, 2: Relationship between length of shoot and length of root with different treatments (, Relationship between germination rate and vigour, roots to shoot, resulting in a lower rate, Baki, A.A. and J.D. Cui et al. Trichoderma sp., SL2 treated rice seeds attained values of 4.48 and 6.00 cm, 0.0084 and 0.0048 g and 1016.56 and 44.75 seeds/day for seedling shoot length seedling root length, shoot weight, root weight, vigour index and speed of germination respectively. Low seed germination is a severe problem which directly affects its yield and quality. The soluble phosphorus, Phosphate solubilizing activity, titrable acidity, pH and fungal biomass were determined. Dash and Mishra (1999) has studied that, sewage enriched paper mill waste water has a positive effect on growth and pigment content of Westiellopsis prolifica. The results of the study adds to the further understanding of the role of beneficial fungi in improving rice resistance to stress, yield and quality through seed invigoration. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an isolation and screening of native phosphofungi from mine soil. Appl. Intensive studies (Redona and Mackill, 1996 a & b, Cui et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2005b) along with the current study on early vigour reveal the existence of many QTLs (20-32) in different populations. A manual and checklist of training for SRI and agroecology will be produced. understanding of the role of beneficial fungi in improving rice resistance to stress, yield an. Antagonistic effect of phosphofungi Aspergillus flavus (65±11 mm) and Aspergillus niger (60±13 mm) showed more effective against Colletotrichum sp. seedling and seedling vigor, root and shoot growth, photosynthetic efficiency, A single QTL (RM327-RM27) on chromosome 2 contributed highest phenotypic variance of 40.2%. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is a type of mycorrhiza in which the fungus penetrates the cortical cells of the roots of a vascular plant. High correlation (0.82) between the first count and rate of germination compared to final count and rate of germination (0.33) also reveals greater contribution of first count towards rate of germination, which may be due to shared QTL. SL2 in enhancing rice growth and yield under SRI vs conventional methods of rice cultivation. during ripening in rice plants. The major QTLs (39.2%, 28.5%) on chromosome 6 and minor QTLs (16.0-18.2%) on chromosome 2 and 5 were identified. The vigour index is significantly correlated with rate of germination (r = 0.49**) and seedling dry weight (r = 0.80**). The additive effect of all the three QTLs at this locus was negative due to the replacement of IR64 alleles by Azucena indicating IR64 has positive alleles. After 90 days in multiplication medium containing benzylaminopurine, average number of shoots per nodal segment was 3.4. 2009; Nath et al. The rice seed treated with C. cladosporioides had the highest germination index and vigor index-I with average mean values of 8.2 and 4.5, respectively; while the treated wheat seed showed the highest germination percentage and vigor index- II with average mean values of 80.3 and 0.05, respectively. Evaluation of seed quality Doni et al. The results showed consensus with the reports of other researchers viz., Doni et al. Increased growth of shoot and root caused by Trichoderma implied that there was beneficial effect of inoculation on plant growth and development since root collar and stem diameters were a measure of survivability of seedlings. Genetic improvement of genotypes for early vigour is a better option to control weeds than hand weeding or use of herbicide due to economic and ecological considerations. and Hossain et al. The levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) were increased significantly in roots of seedlings treated by OTPB1 or OTPB3 by 29.12% and 45.82% or 54.34% and 67.59%, respectively, as compared to uninoculated controls. reported that Trichodermaspp was found to increase seed germination rate, seedling growth and vigour index in Trichoderma treated rice seeds. Seed borne pathogen of harvested seeds was greatly diminished due to foliar spray of BAU-Biofungicide and Trichoderma harzianum was evidently viable in harvested seeds of sprayed plot with BAU-Biofungicide. cellulolytic enzyme complex production. potential and antagonistic effect against various phytopathogens. percentage. Seed vigour index is calculated by multiplying germination (%) and seedling length (0101). Aspergillus niger (13±1.0 mm) and Aspergillus flavus (8±0.6mm) showed the more phosphate solubilising index than compared to other fungal isolates. Summary. weed supression in aerobic rice. 2006); pine (Czabator, 1962); green gram (Subramani, 1999); mung bean (Nagda et al. New. and Hossain et al. To examine comprehensively the mechanisms of Trichoderma sp. Early vigour, IR64/Azucena, QTLs, rice, shoot length. Fungal contamination was reduced with fungicide added to culture medium (23 to 6.4%), although bacterial contamination increased (24 to 36%). Plant material and phenotyping experiments for QTL detection: One hundred and twenty one lines of IR64/Azucena double haploid (DH) population originally developed by Guiderdoni et al. final count. Seedling vigour index (SVI) Five seedlings from each replication were selected at random on the 7th and 14th day after germination, and seedling length was measured. RM87-RM334 region on chromosome 5 was common for vigour index, rate of germination and seedling dry weight. Interestingly, the alpha-amylase gene amy1B/A influencing germination is known to be at 13 cM away from RM5 towards centromere on the long arm of chromosome 1 (Temnykh et al., 2001). variety MRQ74 were surface sterilized with 70%, washed by sterilized distilled water. An indigenous strain of Trichoderma spp. Shoot height, root length, stem and root diameter measurements were taken. The highest seed germination (89.02%) was observed after 48 hours under 40 °C temperature. The congruence of QTLs was observed on Chromosome 5 in the region RM87-RM334 for rate of germination, seedling dry weight and vigour index. Plant breeding is directed towards accumulating favourable genes/alleles for traits by exerting selection. environment and society. Five normal seedlings were randomly selected from each replication of the standard germination test on the 14th day and shoot length (SL) was measured from collar region to the tip of the top most leaf and expressed (cm).

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