sciences under sociology; he believed sociology held the potential to improve society and direct human activity, including the other sciences. Feminist theory is most concerned with giving a voice to women and highlighting the various ways women have contributed to society. We cannot follow Professor Durkheim through the long analysis of the forms of the primitive cult. x��YK����)jY�`� $�މaʲC�Mz,/(-hR�4�g���d_÷p�>�o"��/��B�t5Mn�щ������Lv0��������G��7�7��D��M�W(L���C�1��,�������M3�}qBp��d� %�)Ŷ�\~���� 'Z8=�d�PY�ZQ����Y�m�Sp��|sP7�O�)����3�� It is to be understood that this is not always the case. The Australian clan is better able than a more progressive society to awaken in the mind an idea of the divine. This theory gives religion a real foundation and explains it without treating it as a mere illusion. The answer again is No, even if by belief in divinity we mean belief in spiritual beings who cannot properly be called gods. Belot (Gustave), « Une Théorie nouvelle de la religion », Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’étranger, 75 (4), avril 1913, p. 329-379. It is needless to say that if sociological theories were to be accepted without qualification, missionaries would perforce have to modify to a considerable extent their attitude towards these religions in the mission field. It is the original matter out of which have been constructed all gods and spirits. We are consequently justified in refusing our assent to all theories about religion which lead to the conclusion that it is a mere illusion. The Australian does not represent these forces as immaterial, but gives them a material form of an animal or of a plant. '�f�s�Ha|��� 2 Sociological Theory 33(1) stances. Professor Durkheim exaggerates the part played by society in the origin of religion and in the problem of knowledge. Does the totem give mana its religious character or vice versa? From an analysis of the beliefs about the soul which he finds among the Australians (doctrines of reincarnation), Professor Durkheim concludes that the soul is only a part of the totemic principle, some mana individualized and incarnated in a particular man. Religion has thus its roots in reality and corresponds to a human need. The History of Religion as a Sociological Concept. Totemism was first discovered among the aboriginal inhabitants of America. %PDF-1.4 [456] What religion in all its forms worships is society. For Professor Durkheim it is a fact that religion helps man, and that the need of help and of force lies at its root. No, replies Durkheim; this has not played a large part in all religions and is a comparatively recent appearance. He gives it a doctrinal [459] value, whereas its professed purpose was the smaller one of making clearer the distinction between religious and non-religious things. Sociological and anthropological theories about religion (or theories of religion) generally attempt to explain the origin and function of religion. Keywords: functionalism, interactionism, Islam and social phenomenon, social conflict, sociological theory Social theory to a great extent is older than sociology itself. In their origin, art, religion and science were closely intermingled. Particularizing stances treat religiously grounded political conflict as sui generis. Human thought for him is wholly derived from religion, that is to say, from society. Before looking for the most primitive and simple religion that can be found, it is necessary to define what is meant by a religion. The periodic rites revive and recall to memory the collective sense and invigorate it. Totemism cannot be separated from a very primitive social organization—organization in clans. We owe to society the gifts which create civilization. Group-Marriage and Relationship, and Marriage by Elopement. We here touch the bottom of Professor Durkheim’s theory. Although the book in its French form is not quite new[2], it still holds the field as a solid contribution representing the views of a most important present-day school of thought. In Durkheim’s theory of religion it is the Australian totem which constitutes the essence of … Henri Bois, « A Sociological View of Religion », Archives de sciences sociales des religions [En ligne], La première réception des Formes (1912-1917) (S. Baciocchi, F. Théron, eds. It can be found in the Old Testament, indu’s Vedas and Chinese literature. 11 0 obj <> The great god of the tribe is only a more important ancestral spirit. Must we not see all that it has become as well as its humble beginnings? It explains the essential principles of the apriorists; the authority of reason is the very authority of society transferring itself to a certain manner of thought. note 1 : « It is to be understood that this is not always the case. The Iroquois call it orenda, the Sioux, wakan; they speak of it as if it were a supernatural and immaterial force which can appear in anything. get the nine theories of religion colleague that we have enough money here and check out the link. There is singing, dancing, howling; the native passes out of himself and believes himself to be transported into another world. Professor Durkheim’s object is to study the origin of religion. He devotes his attention especially to Australian totemism, a method which permits him to attain a greater precision. It frequently happens, it is frequently well to follow it into the advanced stages of its evolution, for sometimes it is only when it is fully developed that its real signification appears with the greatest clearness, As long as men are still making their first steps in the art of expressing their thought, it is not easy for the observer to perceive that which moves them, for there is nothing to translate clearly that which passes in these obscure minds, which have only a confused and ephemeral knowledge of themselves, looks upon the universe as the great tribe to one of whose divisions he himself belongs, It is to be understood that this is not always the case.

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