while verse 21 of the Tiruvalluva Maalai claims that he was born in Madurai. [38] The 102 remaining loan words from Sanskrit are "not negligible", and some of the teachings in the Tirukkuṟaḷ states Zvelebil are "undoubtedly" based on the then extant Sanskrit works such as the Arthashastra and Manusmriti (also called the Manavadharmasastra). [18] The original text relates the Kurral in the context of Sanskrit literature. [101], A temple-like memorial to Valluvar, Valluvar Kottam, was built in Chennai in 1976. His proposal is based on the evidence that the Tirukkuṟaḷ contains a large proportion of Sanskrit loan words, shows awareness and indebtedness to some Sanskrit texts best dated to the first half of the 1st-millennium CE, and the grammatical innovations in the language of Tirukkuṟaḷ. [18][note 1] This text attracted attention in the colonial era because an early 19th-century commentary referred to him as "Valluvan" (Valluvar) whose text presented the "esoteric wisdom of the Vedas to the world". [62], The three parts that the Kural literature is divided into, namely, aram (virtue), porul (wealth) and inbam (love), aiming at attaining vitu (ultimate salvation), follow, respectively, the four foundations of Hinduism, namely, dharma, artha, kama and moksha. The 1819 translation by Ellis mentions that the Tamil community debates whether Valluvar was a Jain or Hindu. In 1708, the German missionary, Bartholomaus Ziegenbalg, remarked that the Malabaris "think very highly of it", they make it "their handbook" often quoting from it to prove the validity of their traditions and arguments, and such books are "not just read but learned by heart" by the learned among them. Thus, vitu is indirectly discussed. He is believed to have lived at least in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of the present-day Chennai), and his floruit is dated variously from 4th century BCE to early 5th century CE, based on the traditional accounts and the linguistic analyses of his writings. [64][65] According to Norman Cutler, the prodigious 13th-century Tamil scholar Parimelalakar – who wrote the most influential commentary on Tirukkuṟaḷ – interprets the layout and focus on the Valluvar to be synonymous with the Sanskritic concept of Puruṣārtha (the objectives of human life). Watch Queue Queue. [83] He observes, "None of the ten epithets by which the Deity is described in the opening chapter of the Kural have the remotest connection with Christ or God, that is to say, as they are designated in the Bible". Tamil Nadu is the eleventh-largest state in India by area and the sixth-most populous. [13] In fact, neither his actual name nor the original title of his work can be determined with certainty. [97], Valluvar is traditionally worshiped as a god and saint by various communities across the Southern region of India. This suggests that Valluvar's main aim was not to produce a work of art, but rather an instructive text focused on wisdom, justice, and ethics. [102] This monument complex consists of structures usually found in Dravidian temples,[103] including a temple car[104] carved from three blocks of granite, and a shallow, rectangular pond. Tamil Nadu has 5 public holidays in April 2021. Office Holidays provides calendars with dates and information on public holidays and bank holidays in key countries around the world. [64] Valluvar teachings are similar to those found in Arthasastra, but differ in some important aspects. Built in the early 16th century, the temple is located within the Ekambareeswara-Kamakshi (Shiva-Parvati) temple complex in Mylapore. [6] Tirukkuṟaḷ itself does not name its author. History of Thiruvalluvar Day [99] In the shrine dedicated to him, Valluvar's wife Vasuki is patterned after the Hindu deity Kamakshi inside the sanctum. [19] One traditional version claims that he was a Paraiyar weaver. [54] If Valluvar was indeed a Jain, it raises questions about the source of the traditional Valluvar legends and the mainstream colonial debate about his birth. It contains 1330 couplets, which are divided into 133 sections of 10 couplets each. [56][57] There are exceptions, adds Zvelebil, when Valluvar treats this God with epithets found in the Hindu text Manusmriti (1.6), that is, "the Primeval Lord" and "the King, the Monarch". In addition to the below listed holidays, 2nd and 4th Saturdays of every month will be bank holidays in Tamil Nadu. b. Owing to their efforts, Thiruvalluvar Day Association was formed and a decision to celebrate the day in Tamil Nadu and acros… Chithirai month of 2021 marks the beginning of Plava samvatsaram and the end of Sarvari samvatsaram. [92] These books, 'Pancharathnam' and 'Gnana Vettiyan', contribute to Tamil science, literature and other Siddha medicines. [21] S. Vaiyapuri Pillai suggested Valluvar derived his name from "valluvan" (a Paraiyar caste of royal drummers) and theorized that he was "the chief of the proclaiming boys analogous to a trumpet-major of an army". [38], According to Kamil Zvelebil, the Tirukkuṟaḷ does not belong to the (Sangam) period. The Government of Tamil Nadu celebrates the 15th (16th on leap years) of January as Thiruvalluvar Day in the honour of the poet Thiruvalluvar, as part of the Pongal celebrations. [64] Valluvar also recommends forts and other infrastructure, supplies and food storage in preparation for siege.[64][87]. In 1954, he wrote to the Tiruchi radio station and K. A. Ratnam regarding this. Gover, for example, praised it as "Tamil Homer, The Ten Commandments, and Dante rolled into one". [10][11] He has long been venerated as a great sage, and his literary works a classic of Tamil culture. [96] According to Blackburn, it is hard to outdo the "hyperbolic honors" heaped on Valluvar and his work by the early Europeans in colonial India. Tamil new year or Puthandu 2021 will be celebrated on April 14. [20] Another theory is that he must have been from the agricultural caste of Vellalars because he extols agriculture in his work. [55] Further, in some teachings about politics, economics, and love, Valluvar undoubtedly has translated into Tamil the verses found in Hindu texts such as Arthasastra. Separate International day for Tamil people. [64] Valluvar's work is a classic on realism and pragmatism, and it is not a mystic, purely philosophical document. [15], The speculations about Valluvar's life are largely inferred from his work Tirukkuṟaḷ and other Tamil literature that quote him. The Tamil Scholar Mu. Thiruvalluvar was a celebrated Tamil poet and philosopher who lived in the 4th century BCE. Sign up to receive a weekly email update on forthcoming public holidays around the world in your inbox every Sunday. As Tamilar Thirunal was on Pongal day, Tamil scholar K. A. P. Viswanatham wanted the Thiruvalluvar Day to be celebrated on the same day. [77] Thass further contended that the name "Tirukkuṟaḷ" is a reference to the Buddhist Tripiṭaka. [77] According to Thass, the legend that presents Valluvar as the son of a Brahmin father and a Paraiyar mother was invented by Brahmins in 1825, who wanted to Hinduise a Buddhist text. State-specific holidays here include Pongal, Thiruvalluvar Day, and Uzhavar Thirunal. [59], According to other scholars, Valluvar's writings suggest that he belonged to Hinduism. The Valluvanadu kings claim that they descended from Pallava Kings and were ruling earlier from the Nilgiri area. In some years, it may also be declared a public holiday in the Union Territory of Puducherry. [44], In January 1935, the Tamil Nadu government officially recognized 31 BCE as the year of Valluvar. [13] Early Digambara or Svetambara Jaina texts do not mention Valluvar. [72], Valluvar’s mentioning of God Vishnu in couplets 610 and 1103 and Goddess Lakshmi in couplets 167, 408, 519, 565, 568, 616, and 617 hints at the Vaishnavite beliefs of Valluvar. The day is usually celebrated after the end of the three-day Pongal celebrations. In January 2016, Chitravina N. Ravikiran set music to the entire 1330 verses using over 169 Indian ragas. a. Thiruvalluvar Day falls on the fourth day of the Pongal festival when people go to meet their family members. However, on leap years, it falls on 16 January. Another example is the frequent use of condition suffix -el, a feature absent in early Tamil literature and common by about the 5th-century. Historian K. K. Pillay assigned it to the early 1st-century CE. An example would be the use of the suffix -kal for both nouns of the higher and lower class.

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