[4][5] But a walnut kernel[6] is in two halves joined by a thin neck, which easily breaks when the nut is extracted from its shell, and thus Verrius Flaccus called it "iugulandam" (a gerundive, = "whose throat must be cut"), because it is nearly separated in the middle; see Sextus Pompeius Festus. In 2017, world production of walnuts (in shell) was 3.8 million tonnes, led by China with producing half of the world total (table). The wood ranges in color from light to dark brown to chocolate brown. Like many fledging businesses we started in the kitchen, moved to the garage until in 2012, lack of space and an abundance of orders forced us to move to a factory in Hertfordshire. [16] In the northerly-growing section Trachycaryon, J. cinerea oil was reported to contain 15% linolenate (the report did not specify whether the linolenate was the alpha (n-3) or gamma (n-6) isomer, or perhaps a mixture), 2% of saturated palmitate, and a maximum concentration of 71% linoleate. In Europe, various EU-led scientific programmes have studied walnut growing for timber. Jūglans is commonly said to be a contraction of Jōvis glans, 'nut of [the god] Jupiter'. In non-European English-speaking nations, the nut of the J. regia is often called the "English walnut"; in Great Britain, the "common walnut.". In Jammu, it is used widely as a prasad (offering) to Mother Goddess Vaisnav Devi and, generally, as a dry food in the season of festivals such as Diwali. This holiday tree is a one-of-a-kind display piece that is handcrafted from walnut wood. The common walnut, and the black walnut and its allies, are important for their attractive timber, which is hard, dense, tight-grained and polishes to a very smooth finish. Freshly sawed walnut heartwood may be greenish in color, but with exposure to air this color quickly changes to brown. The color of walnut varies from species to species and is also affected by the area in which it grows. Walnut is also used in lutherie and for the body of pipe organs. Two-thirds of the world export market[citation needed][how? [27] In a 100 gram amount, walnuts provide 654 calories and are a rich source (≥20% of Daily Value) of protein, dietary fiber, the B vitamins, niacin, vitamin B6, and folate, and several dietary minerals, particularly manganese. When kiln-dried, walnut wood tends toward a dull brown color, but when air-dried can become a rich purplish-brown. A study[29] of sequenced nuclear DNA from the external transcribed spacer (ETS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA, and the second intron of the LEAFY gene taken from at least one individual of most of the species of Juglans has supported several conclusions: The paper presenting these results did not publish any new names for the subdivisions of sect. The nuts are rich in oil, and are widely eaten both fresh and in cookery. [25] Juglone is toxic to plants such as tomato, apple, and birch, and may cause stunting and death of nearby vegetation. Hinds' black walnut shells do not have the deep grooves characteristic of the eastern black walnut. Many different cultivars are available for growers, and offer different growth habits, flowering and leafing, kernel flavours and shell thicknesses. Manos and Stone studied the composition of seed oils from several species of the Rhoipteleaceae and Juglandaceae and found the nut oils were generally more unsaturated from species which grow in the temperate zones and more saturated for species which grow in the tropical zones. Walnut Holiday Tree $ 14.99 – Walnut Wood – Handcrafted using a turning technique – Finished with a coat of polyurethane and wax – Dimensions: 7.25″ tall x 3.5″ wide. The remaining results for black walnuts were: J. australis contained 2% linolenate, 7% palmitate, and 61% linoleate; J. boliviana contained 4% linolenate, 4% palmitate, and 70% linoleate; J. hirsuta contained 2% linolenate, 5% palmitate, and 75% linoleate; J. mollis contained 0% linolenate, 5% palmitate, 46% linoleate, and 49% oleate; J. neotropica contained 3% linolenate, 5% palmitate, and 50% linoleate; and J. olanchana contained only a trace of linolenate, 9% palmitate, and 73% linoleate; The walnut shell has a wide variety of uses. Walnut burls (or "burrs" in Europe) are commonly used to create bowls and other turned pieces.

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