(2013). 0000131143 00000 n Behavior Research Methods 0000146013 00000 n The normative statistics and the interactions between the norms and the CYs’ syntactic structures have significant implications for helping researchers do experimental studies into CYs’ representations and comprehension. The participants had low scores for SM CYs in each of the five norms. 0000145708 00000 n 0000153043 00000 n Descriptive norms for 245 Italian idiomatic expressions. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 523–534. Journal of Memory and Language, 54, 161–184. The most common Chinese verbs are determined by spoken frequency based of film subtitles. The most important forms of idioms in Chinese, chengyus (CYs), have a fixed length of four Chinese characters. 0000006452 00000 n 0000145401 00000 n As is shown in Table 2, all of the norms yielded a reliability score over .94. 0000130231 00000 n 0000135272 00000 n 0000144018 00000 n Chinese Pinyin Level 1English Level 2 Transport 汽车 qìchē car R 火车 huǒchē train R 飞机 fēijī plane R 开车 kāi chē to drive R 坐火车 zuò huǒchē to go by train R 坐飞机 zuò fēijī to go by plane R 船 chuán boat * 坐船 zuò chuán to go by boat * 骑车 qí chē to ride a bicycle * 走路 zǒu lù to walk * Verbs 0000166013 00000 n It is only with the successful handling of modality can research findings be expressed accurately. Changchun, China: Jilin (in Chinese). 0000148918 00000 n 0000164707 00000 n 0000158239 00000 n 0000068159 00000 n 0000150597 00000 n Comprehension of idiomatic expressions: Effects of predictability and literality. Konopka, A. E., & Bock, K. (2009). This finding seems to be in support of Sprenger et al.’s (2006) theory that superlemmas mediate the connections between the conceptual representations for idioms as wholes and those for the component words. The CYs with SM and SV structures were significantly lower than those with a VO structure, and the CYs with an SMSM composition were significantly lower than those with VO, VV, and VOVO compositions in the evaluation scores for subjective frequency. It is even believed that norms such as those for the familiarity and compositionality of idioms could potentially be helpful for experimental studies into the cognitive mechanisms of how idiomatic expressions are represented and comprehended (see Bonin, Méot, & Bugaiska, 2013, for a review), and several reports are available in this line of research (e.g., Bonin et al., 2013; Tabossi, Arduino, & Fanari, 2011), in which the users’ knowledge, familiarity, subjective frequency, and age of acquisition (AoA) of idioms, and the idioms’ predictability, literality, and compositionality, are among the most important variables. It is also argued that an idiom can receive different weights of contributions in representation from its constituent words (e.g., Gibbs & Nayak, 1989) and cannot be understood without the semantic relations between its constituent words being processed (e.g., pop the question; e.g., Gibbs, Nayak, & Cutting, 1989). 0000151054 00000 n Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 1655–1674. Empirical studies can investigate how the syntactic structure of a CY influences its representation and comprehension, so that the hybrid view on idiom representation and comprehension can be finely specified. Descriptions de 300 expressions idiomatiques: Familiarité, connaissance de leur signification, plausibilité littérale, “décomposabilité” et “prédictibilité.”. Verbs are essential. 0000010479 00000 n 0000147848 00000 n 0000006741 00000 n Beijing, China: The Commercial Press. Zhou, J. 0000138757 00000 n 0000172248 00000 n For example, idioms can be treated like complex words and be represented and understood as whole units (e.g., kick the bucket; see, e.g., Swinney & Cutler, 1979). Without going into the finer divisions of the Chinese verb, the following major 0000011857 00000 n Journal of Neurolinguistics, 23, 615–630. 0000154264 00000 n (1993). 0000152584 00000 n Similarly, studies on the relations between the syntactic structures and normative features of idioms promise to yield interesting results in languages other than Chinese. Structural generalizations from idiom production. 0000113776 00000 n Google Scholar. TRADOC Pamphlet 350-70-1 (24 Feb 2012) Page 1 of 28 Table E-2 lists the standard verbs for task titles. Inspired by Bonin et al. 0000154570 00000 n 0000149377 00000 n (2013) demonstrated the rich relevance of norms for psycholinguistic studies on idiomatic expressions in French. 0000166540 00000 n ���uy��%i�������߯�r�,3�5��1��v�`���~CU����u�j��}_�|@�wS�δ�:2�� r_)�d:�Bq��$*��V��52Ws)ڒ{a��bp��ƿ,H�ٵ\#tf����. 0000057295 00000 n 0000014188 00000 n Titone, D. A., & Connine, C. M. (1999). The present study was performed to provide a normative description of Chinese idioms. 0000143713 00000 n That’s the way the cookie bounces: Syntactic and semantic components of experimentally elicited idiom blends. By descriptive norms, we mean descriptive statistics for the idioms’ features, obtained by means of objective measurements. 0000082214 00000 n doi:10.3758/s13428-010-0018-z, Titone, D. A., & Connine, C. M. (1994a). 0000165271 00000 n 0000142134 00000 n Lexical access during the production of idiomatic phrases.

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